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In terms of construction
Lith-Ion systems must be protected against overcharging and excess discharge of the cells in order to avoid permanent damage.
Said protection is offered through electronic circuits which individually control the elements that make up the batteries series.
These controls work on electronic switches which cut off the charge or discharge when any one of the cells components shows signs of tension values out of the manufacturers recommended limits. The same circuit protects against excess current and short-circuits.
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